RMAN: Recovery Manager (RMAN) is simple and
powerful utility of Oracle database to manage Oracle database backup, restore
and recovery. Key parts of maintaining oracle database are ensuring backup,
restore and recover database from any disaster.
Backup Strategy: To ensure high availability,
perform easy backup and restore operation we will implement two types of backup,
one is Full Backup (Level 0) and another is Incremental (Level 0) backup.
1.
Level
0 backup should run on holiday of each week (Saturday).
2.
Level
1 backup should run on each of week days (Sunday-Friday).
Implementation: To implement RMAN Backup
strategy we will perform the following steps.
1.
Configuring
RMAN.
2.
Prepare
full backup and incremental backup scripts.
3.
Create
cron job for performing RMAN Backup.
Configuring RMAN: To take RMAN backup we should run
oracle database in archive mode. Perform the following to configure RMAN.
1.
Check database
are run in archive mode or not if it is not perform the steps 2.
SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
SQL>
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 30
Next log sequence to archive 32
Current log sequence 32
SQL>
2.
Enabling
archivelog
SQL>
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size
2177456 bytes
Variable Size 1291847248 bytes
Database Buffers 838860800 bytes
Redo Buffers 5001216
bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.
3.
Define the
location and size of FRA
SQL>
alter system set
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='+FRA' scope=spfile;
System
altered.
SQL>
alter system set
db_recovery_file_dest_size=100G scope=spfile;
System
altered.
SQL>
shut immediate;
Database
closed.
Database
dismounted.
ORACLE
instance shut down.
SQL>
startup;
ORACLE
instance started.
Total
System Global Area 1269366784 bytes
Fixed
Size 2227984 bytes
Variable
Size 822083824 bytes
Database
Buffers 436207616 bytes
Redo
Buffers 8847360 bytes
Database
mounted.
Database
opened.
SQL>
show parameter
db_recovery_file_dest_size
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------
----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 100G
SQL>
[NB:
db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter value are depend on your system how much
archive log file are generate per hour]
4.
Now take an RMAN
backup using rman utility. In this document we are not using recovery catalog
database so that control file will be used to contain catalog information.
[oracle@DBHOST01
~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
CBSDB
[oracle@DBHOST01
~]$ rman target/
Recovery
Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Apr 23 19:11:05 2016
Copyright (c)
1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
All rights reserved.
connected to
target database: CBSDB (DBID=624768357)
RMAN> show all;
using target
database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN
configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ASMDB are:
CONFIGURE
RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP
OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE
DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE
TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE
DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE
ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE
MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE
ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE
ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE
COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;
# default
CONFIGURE
ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE
SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_CBSDB.f'; # default
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN
configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN
configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup
at 23-APR-16
allocated
channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1:
SID=46 device type=DISK
channel
ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel
ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile
file number=00001 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/system.256.880569463
input datafile
file number=00002 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/sysaux.257.880569467
input datafile
file number=00005 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/example.265.880569629
input datafile
file number=00006 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/test_tbs.267.881349853
input datafile
file number=00003 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.880569467
input datafile
file number=00004 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/users.259.880569471
input datafile
file number=00007 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/tbs_user_data_1.268.882462007
input datafile
file number=00008 name=+DATA/cbsdb/datafile/tbs_user_data_1.269.882458361
channel
ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-APR-16
channel
ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-APR-16
piece
handle=+FRA/cbsdb/backupset/2016_04_23/nnndf0_tag20160423t191539_0.355.909947741
tag=TAG20160423T191539 comment=NONE
channel
ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
Finished backup
at 23-APR-16
Starting Control
File and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-APR-16
piece
handle=+FRA/cbsdb/autobackup/2016_04_23/s_909947845.356.909947847 comment=NONE
Finished Control
File and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-APR-16
RMAN> LIST BACKUP;
List of Backup
Sets
===================
BS Key Size
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
-------
---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 98.86M DISK
00:00:11 28-MAY-15
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150528T171856
Piece Name:
+FRA/asmdb/backupset/2016_04_23/nnndf0_tag20160423t191539_0.355.909947741
……….
[NB:
We did not configure rman default backup location for that rman send backup
file to default location in FRA. We can change default backup location]
5.
This is optional
steps for change default backup location.
Configure
Control File Backup Destination
=============================================
RMAN>
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT
FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u02/rman_backup/cf_%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u02/rman_backup/cf_%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
Configure Datafile
Backup Destination
=============================================
RMAN>
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK
FORMAT '/u02/rman_backup/df_%d_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT /u02/rman_backup/df_%d_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
---- End of RMAN Configuration
----
Prepare
full backup and incremental backup scripts: In these steps we will create two
shell file to perform full and incremental rman backup.
1.
Full RMAN Backup
Scripts.
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ mkdir /u01/rman_backup/
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ cd /u01/rman_backup/
[oracle@DBHOST01 rman_backup]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 rman_backup]$ mkdir scripts
[oracle@DBHOST01 rman_backup]$ mkdir log
[oracle@DBHOST01 rman_backup]$ cd /u01/rman_backup/scripts/
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ vi disk_full_db_backup.rcv
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ cat disk_full_db_backup.rcv
RUN
{
ALLOCATE
CHANNEL CH1 TYPE DISK FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_df1_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
ALLOCATE
CHANNEL CH2 TYPE DISK FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_df2_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL
LEVEL 0
DATABASE;
SQL
'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';
BACKUP
ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_ar_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U.arch' DELETE
INPUT;
BACKUP
CURRENT CONTROLFILE FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_ctl_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
BACKUP
SPFILE FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_spf_%d_%s_%T.bak';
}
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ vi disk_run_full_backup.sh
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ cat disk_run_full_backup.sh
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=cbsdb;
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export PATH
cdate=`date
'+%Y%m%d'`
ctime=`date
'+%H%M%S'`
logfile=/u01/rman_backup/log/disk_full_db_backup-on-$cdate-at-$ctime.log
rman
target sys/oracle cmdfile
'/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_full_db_backup.rcv' log $logfile
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$
2.
Incremental RMAN
Backup Scripts.
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ vi disk_inc_db_backup.rcv
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ cat disk_inc _db_backup.rcv
RUN
{
ALLOCATE
CHANNEL CH1 TYPE DISK FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_df1_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
ALLOCATE
CHANNEL CH2 TYPE DISK FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_df2_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL
LEVEL 1
DATABASE;
SQL
'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT';
BACKUP
ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_ar_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U.arch' DELETE
INPUT;
BACKUP
CURRENT CONTROLFILE FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_ctl_%d_%t_%s_%p_%U';
BACKUP
SPFILE FORMAT '+RMAN_BACKUP/rman_bkp_spf_%d_%s_%T.bak';
}
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ vi disk_run_inc_backup.sh
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 scripts]$ cat disk_run_inc_backup.sh
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=cbsdb;
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export PATH
cdate=`date
'+%Y%m%d'`
ctime=`date
'+%H%M%S'`
logfile=/u01/rman_backup/log/disk_full_db_backup-on-$cdate-at-$ctime.log
rman
target sys/oracle cmdfile
'/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_inc_db_backup.rcv' log $logfile
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$
3.
Create cron job
for performing RMAN Backup: Cron is an operating system jobs which
run at scheduled time and perform specific action. Now we will set cron job
which will perform full back up at Saturday night and incremental backup at
every night.
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$ crontab -l
no crontab for oracle
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$ crontab -e
no crontab for oracle - using an empty
one
crontab: installing new crontab
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$ crontab -l
* 01 * * 0
/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_full_backup.sh
* 01 * * 5 /u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
* 01 * * 4
/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
* 01 * * 3
/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
* 01 * * 2
/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
* 01 * * 1 /u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
* 01 * * 6
/u01/rman_backup/scripts/disk_run_inc_backup.sh
[oracle@DBHOST01 ~]$
